Afrika
S.A:Alžírsko(Džazáir),Egypt(Káahira),Libye(Tarábulus)Maroko(Ribát)Sudán(Chartúm)Tunis(Túnis);nejpocetnejsi
obyv.:Arabové(nepůvodní),Berberi,Tuaregove(puvodni),i cernosske
obyv(Niolté-sudan), naboz.:Islam, tezba:ropa,z.ply ,fosfaty(Maroko),prum.petrochemie, spotřební,strojirenský;zemedelstvi:citrusy,obilniny(psenice),bavlnik,datlovník,vinna
reva ,chov:skot,velbloudi,ovce,;cest.ruch:Tunisko,Egypt,problemy:islamsky
fundamentalismus(hl.Alzirsko),Libye podporuje svetovy terorismus,Z Sahara je
obsazena Marokem
Z.A.+Stř.A+V.A:,chudé
země,nizke HDP, trop.pas,podnebí ovlivnovano monzuny,trop.destne lesy.,jizne od
obratniku raka:krajne nepriznive podminky(poust)
Z.A:Benin(Porto
Novo)Burkina Faso (Ouagadougou),Gambie Banjul)Ghana(Accra) Guinea(Conakry),Guinea-Bissau(Bissau),
Kapverdy(Praia), Liberie(Monorovia)Mali (Bamako) Mauretánie(Nouakchott)Niger(Niamey)Nigerie(Abuja)Senegal(Dakar),Sierra
Leone(Freetown)Togo(Lomé) tezba:zelezo (Nigerie,mauretánie),bauxit(Guinea), zlato(guin.zal),diamanty(Sierra
Leone),Guinejský zal.je jedna z hl.prum. oblastí,prum.: spotřební,potravinářsky,
textilni,drevozpracujici,,zemedel.:kávovník,bavlnik,kakaovnik,chov skotu,prasat
Stř.A:Angola(Luanda),
Čad(N Djamena) Gabon(Libreville) Kamerun(Yaoundé)Kongo (Brazzaville)
Rovnik.Guinea (Malabo),Stredoafr.rep(Bangui),Zair(Kinshasa),tezba:diamanty
(kongo), ,prum.:hutnictví bar.kovu (plosina Katanga), spotřební,pest.: brambory,bataty,jamy,citrusy,banánovník,
kukuřice,chov prasat ,skotu
V.A:Burundi(Bujambura),
Džibutsko(Džibutí) Eritrea (Asmera), Etiopie (Adis abeba), Keňa (Nairobi)Madagaskar
(Antanánarivo)Mauritius (Port Louis) Mosambik (Maputo) Rwanda(Kigali)Seychely
(Victoria) Somálsko (Muqdisho), Tanzanie (Dodoma),Uganda(Kampala),Zambie(Lusaka)Zimbabwe(Harare),
tezba:tuha (Madagaskar), prum.textil,potrav.,tabak,kávovník, brambory, jamy, čajovnik,kaučukovník,
J.A.:Botswana(Gaborone)JAR(Pretoria),
Lesotho(Maseru),Namibie(Windhoek)Svazijsko
(Mbabane),;subtrop.klima,zelezo,uhlí,diamanty,bohata na nerosty (mangan,platina,zlato,…),
rolnicka malovyroba,psenice,kukuřice,cukr.trtina,vinna reva, tabak,bavlna,kava,
obyv.:pestré;Bantuové,Khoinové (Hotentoti),Sanové (Krovaci)
.JAR:nejvyspelejsi
A.stat,oblast vysoke Afr.(Draci Hory,Vysoky
Veld),reky:Vaal,oranže,Limpopo,vodopád Tugela,neubíhat.stat na tezbu nerost
bohatstvi(zlato,Fe,uhli,barev.kovy),vsestrane
rozvin.prumysl(stroj.,textil.,hut.,potrav.),tepelne
elektrarny,subtrop.plodiny,obilniny,tabak,babník,chov skotu,ovci,kvalitni
silnic.sit, obyv.:hl.cernosi,mensina belosska (Holand.,Angl)
asijska(Indie),oficial.jazyk:Aj,tzv:Afrikánština
Obyvatelstvo:1)Středozem.typ-S
Afr.,europoidni plemeno(Arabove,Berbeři),2)Smíšené negroidně-europoidní
populace-stř.A,SV Afr,etipoci 3)stará negroid.populace, hotentoti, krovaci
4)negroidni trpaslici kmeny-pygmejove,v trop.lesich str.A 5)prave negroidni
populace-nejpocetnejsi( Sudanci,Mantuove), na J od Sahary-nejjiznejsi část Afr.
6)malajsko-indonesky typ-Madgaskar(Malgošové)
Problem:Urbanizace-migrace
do mest,vnitrni i zahr.migrace,vzrusta počet obyv.
Prumysl:prum.oblasti:JAR,S
Afr,Guin.zal,Katanga,rozvin.remeslna vyroba,neexistuje zelez.spojeni ze
S na J,(z V na Z:Lobita-Dar es-Salam),spatna kvalita silnic,
Letec.doprava v kazdem state,ale zajištěna hl.cizimi
staty,Vnitrozem.plavba-Kongo,Niger,Nil,Namor.lodstvo:Liberie
Zemedelstvi-hl.soucast
afr hospodarstvi,70%ekonom.aktivniho obyvatelstva,významný podíl na
HDP,plantazni zemedelstvi(čajovník,kakaovník,..)-vyvoz do světa,problem:moucha
tse-tse,kobylky,desertifikace,vykyvy cen u export.plodin,rybolov-oceansky,jezerni,ricni,JA-lov
zraloku
Podnebí:1)okolo
rovniku:velka vlhkost,caste srazky, trop.dest lesy, 2)S a Jod rovniku:
subekvatorial.klima:stridani destua sucha,savany, stredne vlhke lesy, 3)okolo
obratniku-top.pas-sucho,antipasat, TV, malo srazek, vysoke teploty,
pouste+poloposte 4)subtrop.pas.-sucha,tepla lta, srazky v zime,Ocean.proudy:JZ-Bengalsky;SZ-Kanarsky,V-vlhci
a teple proudy,Sahel-prechodne pasmo(poust prechazi v savanu)
Austrálie:zapadoaustr.tabule-vyplnuje
celou Z část,Velka pisec.poust,gibbonova poust,Velka Viktoriina
poust,Stredoaustral.ostrov.hory-MacDonnelovo pohori,Mushgraveovo poh,.Ayers
Rock(Uhuru),Nullaborska rovina,Stredoaust.niziny:Velke predelove
poh.-V,nejvyssi vysky na J(Austral.Alpy),Mt.Kosciusko(2228m),Blue Mountains(Z
od Sydney),vodstvo:Artéské panve,Darling,Murray,neprav.vod.toky:Creek,Eyrovo
jez-J,slane,vice nez 1/2Aust. Nalezi mezi bezodtoke obl.zbytek do Ind.oc,
Podnebí:S-vlhke klima(subkvetorial.)monzun.deste,většina Aust.trop
podn,nedostatek srazek,J-JV:nejvice lidi,nejpriznivejsi
klima(subtrop§,JV-ovlivnovan pasaty,Yorsky pol-nevi srazek,J-nejmin srazek
Vegetace-aust-se
vyvijela izolovane=>ENDEMITE,veget,pasy:trop.dest.lesy-S(Yorsky pol),většin
A pokryta savanou,ve vnitrozemi prechod na pouste a polopouště,typicke
blahovicnihgove lesy(eukalyptove)-J A,klokani,koala,ptakopysk,emu,krokodýl,dingo,120
narod.parku,
Obyv.:18
mil.,hl.bila rasa,puvo. Obyv: černoši,australoid.rasa,většina australanu zije
ve meste,v JV casti A,asijske mensiny, Australsky svaz:6 státu:.Zapad.A -Perth,J.A-Adelide,Queensland-Brisbane,Novy
J Wales-Sydney,Viktorie-Melbourne,Tasmánie-Hobart,
Teritoria:severni-Darwin,teritorium
hl.mesta-Canberra
Hospodarstvi:nejvysp.kapitalisticky
stat.tezba:Z-
zelez.ruda,mangan,JZ-zlato,S-bauxit,V-uhli,bar.kovy(med,zinek),drahokamy,vyvoz
do Japon.,rozsirena vsechna prum.odvetvi,nejvyzn.oblast:JV A(velka města)
Zemedelstvi:chov
ovci,skotu,vyvoz psenice,ovci produkty,citrusy,vino,
bavlnik,tabak,trop.ovoce,spatne klimat.podminky=>muze využívat jen malou
část země
Novy
Zeland1)Severni ostrov-hodne sopek(Rua Pebu),nejv.gejzir světa)Way Kongem),2)Jizni
o.-zaledneny,Novozeland.Alpy,fjordy;podnebí-mirny pas,meni se
s nadm.vyskou,hospodarstvi-vyspele,stroj.a potrav.prum,vodni elny,chov
ovci,skotu,pest.obilnin,ptak
kiwi,hl.esto:Wellington,ost-města:Auckland,Christchurch,potomci
pristehovalcu,jazyk:AJ,puv.obyv:Maurove(asi 300 000)
Oceanie:1)Melanesie(N.Guinea,Salamounovy
o.,Nove Hebridy,Bismarckovo souostr.,Nova Kaledonie,Fidži),2)Mikronésie(Z část
Tich.oc.:Mariany,Karoliny,Marshallovy o.,..) 3)Polynesiena V od
1+2-Havajske o.,Cookovi,Velikonocni,Společenské(Tahiti),1) vliv:korálí a
sopec.cinnost ;kontinentální
o.:(NovGuinea,Šalamoun.o.,Bism.s.,NovKaledonie),velke ostrova s vrasovimi
pohori v Melanesii,2)Koralove o=atoly-male nizke ostrovy,vybudovali je
korali v koloniich z cistych a teplych vod,malou rod.puda-malo
humusu,-kokos.palmy.kere,trava 3)Sopecne
o(Havaj,o,tahiti)-vetsi,vyssi,prikrejsi,velmi úrodná půda,bohate
rostlinstvo-ryze,cukr.trtina,trop.ovoce,;Podnebí:tropicke a oceánské-teple a
vlhke,pas rovnik tisin-vydatne dste,pasaty,vyskyt trop.dest.lesu,Z-krovinne a
travnate porosty,monzuny,trop.cyklony,reky a jez.jen na versích
ostrovech,Obyv:původ:JV Asie,přistěhovalci
hl.Indove,cinane,Evropane,Hospodarstvi:plantazni pstovani kokos.palmy,tezba
nerost.surovin(fosfstay,nikl,med),cest.ruch
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